Traditional agriculture is an industry with low added value. Farmers only produce raw materials, agricultural products are sold as raw materials, and deep processing and utilization of agricultural products are still at an early stage. Modern agriculture must be an industry based on resource endowments and give full play to its comparative advantages. It must pay more attention to the benefits of agricultural production, and shift from focusing only on production to paying attention to yield, quality, and efficiency.
Modern agriculture must be a resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture. To develop modern agriculture, it is first necessary to withdraw production that exceeds the carrying capacity of resources and the environment, and to improve the soil where land is reduced, and to gradually restore and restore the damaged ecological environment.
Since 2014, the state has carried out demonstrations of the utilization of straw, livestock and poultry manure, and farmland residual film recycling. Participating enterprises can enjoy relevant fiscal and taxation policies. The central government financed funds to support pilot projects for comprehensive treatment of groundwater overdraft areas and remediation of heavy metal pollution. Since the country launched the implementation of the soil testing and formula fertilization subsidy program, a total of 7.1 billion yuan has been invested, and the project counties (fields) have reached 2498, reducing irrational fertilization by more than 8.5 million tons, and promoting the promotion of scientific fertilization methods.
The second is to strengthen the governance of outstanding problems in the agricultural environment, increase the intensity of land control and water management, appropriately reduce the intensity of agricultural land development and utilization, promote agricultural cost-saving efficiency technologies, strictly control the abuse and misuse of agricultural inputs, and purify and rehabilitate the environment of agricultural production sites. We must strengthen the construction of cultivated land quality, strengthen the construction of pollution-free, green, organic food bases, and actively promote advanced and practical technologies such as ecological production and healthy breeding.
Adhere to the development direction of moderately scaled operations, promote the orderly and standardized circulation of land management rights, in particular, transfer to new types of business entities, and increase economies of scale.
Modern agriculture must be an industry that adapts to changes in the market. Although China's new business entities have developed rapidly, small-scale operations still account for the majority, limiting the increase in agricultural labor productivity. Although the agricultural product market system in our country has been initially formed, many local farmers are still cultivating their own products according to custom, relying on their feelings to grow and cultivate and follow the trend of breeding, and they are unable to embark on the trouble cycle of “ups and downsâ€.
It is obviously difficult for the households to have a scale of operation of less than half a hectare, and it is difficult to avoid the above problems. This has become the consensus of more and more agricultural experts. According to calculations, the per capita agricultural added value of China's agricultural labor force in 2013 was only 64% of the world average. Due to the disparity in scale of operations, domestic agricultural production costs continued to rise. In 2014, prices of major agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil, sugar, and meat showed an overall upside down trend.
Adhere to the development direction of moderately scaled operations, and promote the orderly and standardized transfer of land management rights, especially to the new-type business entities. The development of modern agriculture should begin with the reform of the agricultural management system, focus on improving the quality of the agricultural operators and the level of social service, promote the specialization, organization, and socialization of agricultural production, and promote the transformation of traditional farmers into new types of agricultural management entities.
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